| Named By: | Thomas Henry Huxley in 1863 |
| Time Period: | Late Carboniferous, 310 Ma |
| Location: | England and Scotland |
| Size: | Skull 40 centimetres long, body estimated up to about 3 meters long |
| Diet: | Carnivore/Piscivore |
| Fossil(s): | Skull fragments |
| Classification: | | Chordata | Amphibia | Reptiliomorpha | Embolomeri | Anthracosauridae | |
Anthracosaurus is an extinct genus of embolomere, a close relative of reptiles that lived during the Late Carboniferous (around 310 million years ago) in what is now Scotland and England. It was a large, aquatic eel-like predator able to grow up to 3 m (10 ft) in length. It has a robust skull about 40 centimetres (1.3 ft) in length with large teeth in the jaws and on the roof of the mouth. Anthracosaurus probably inhabited swamps, rivers and lakes. Its name is Greek for "coal lizard".