| Named By: | J. D. Scanlon in 1992 |
| Time Period: | Oligocene-Miocene, 23.03-11.608 Ma |
| Location: | Australia, Northern Territory - Bullock Creek |
| Size: | Up to 6 meters long |
| Diet: | Carnivore |
| Fossil(s): | Several specimens including a complete skull and mandible (lower jaw) |
| Classification: | | Chordata | Reptilia | Squamata | Serpentes | Madtsoiidae | |
Yurlunggur is a genus of fossil snake in the extinct family Madtsoiidae. This genus was a part of the extinct megafauna of Australia, and contains the species Yurlunggur camfieldensis.
A large apex predator that seems to have been extant in the region since the Miocene epoch. It is described as a member of the family Madtsoiidae, that includes the species such as Wonambi naracoortensis, present in Australia until the Pleistocene.
The name of the genus is derived from traditional name given by the people of Arnhem Land to the Rainbow serpent. They were large snakes, up to 6 metres long and 300 millimetres thick, that are more closely resemble Varanus (monitors) than small burrowing lizards. John Scanlon has presented this as evidence of descent from the former, rather than burrowing ancestors that evolved into the elongate and legless snakes. The fossil material described by this species includes a rare example of a complete skull and mandible, often crushed in the fossilisation process, that was preserved in the soft limestone of a body of fresh water. This was found at the Riversleigh fossil site in northwest Queensland.
The type locality is Bullock Creek, which occurs on the Camfield bed formations given in the specific epithet.