| Named By: | Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer in 1846 |
| Time Period: | Late Jurassic, 150.8-148.5 Ma |
| Location: | Germany, Portugal, Tanzania |
| Size: | 1.81 meter wingspan, 1.26 meters long |
| Diet: | unavailable |
| Fossil(s): | Dozens of individuals, some including impressions of soft tissue |
| Classification: | | Chordata | Reptilia | Pterosauria | Rhamphorhynchidae | Rhamphorhynchinae | |
| Also known as: | | Odontorhynchus longicaudus | Ornithocephalus muensteri | Ornithocephalus longicaudus | Ornithocephalus lavateri | Ornithocephalus gemmingi | Ornithocephalus giganteus | Ornithocephalus grandis | Ornithocephalus secundarius | Pterodactylus muensteri | Pterodactylus longicaudus | Pterodactylus lavateri | Pterodactylus gemmingi | Pterodactylus lavateri | Pterodactylus hirundinaceus | Pterodactylus hirundinaceus | Pterodactylus giganteus | Pterodactylus grandis | Pteromonodactylus phyllurus | Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus | Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi | Rhamphorhynchus suevicus | Rhamphorhynchus hirundinaceus | Rhamphorhynchus curtimanus | Rhamphorhynchus longimanus | Rhamphorhynchus meyeri | Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus | Rhamphorhynchus longiceps | Rhamphorhynchus grandis | Rhamphorhynchus kokeni | Rhamphorhynchus megadactylus | Rhamphorhynchus carnegiei | |
Rhamphorhynchus (, "beak snout") is a genus of long-tailed pterosaurs in the Jurassic period. Less specialized than contemporary, short-tailed pterodactyloid pterosaurs such as Pterodactylus, it had a long tail, stiffened with ligaments, which ended in a characteristic diamond-shaped vane. The jaws of Rhamphorhynchus housed needle-like teeth, which were angled forward, with a curved, sharp, beak-like tip lacking teeth, indicating a diet mainly of fish; indeed, fish and cephalopod remains are frequently found in Rhamphorhynchus' abdominal contents, as well as in their coprolites.
Although fragmentary fossil remains possibly belonging to Rhamphorhynchus have been found in England, Tanzania, and Spain, the best preserved specimens come from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany. Many of these fossils preserve not only the bones but impressions of soft tissues, such as wing membranes. Scattered teeth believed to belong to Rhamphorhynchus have been found in Portugal as well.