| Named By: | A. G. Sharov in 1970 |
| Time Period: | Middle or Late Triassic, 235 Ma |
| Location: | Kyrgyzstan - Madygen Formation |
| Size: | Uncertain due to incomplete remains. Preserved elements of the skull and anterior half of the post cranial skeleton about 4.5 centimetres long |
| Diet: | Insectivore |
| Fossil(s): | Almost complete skull lacking the tips of the snout and lower jaws. Anterior portion of the postcranial skeleton including cervical (neck) and dorsal (back) vertebrae, ribs, shoulder girdle and an almost complete forelimb. Back appendages were found in association with the skeleton. More specimens of these appendages are known, but only the holotype has them preserved with the skeleton |
| Classification: | | Chordata | Reptilia | Diapsida | |
Longisquama is a genus of extinct reptile. There is only one species, Longisquama insignis, known from a poorly preserved skeleton and several incomplete fossil impressions from the Middle to Late Triassic Madygen Formation in Kyrgyzstan. It is known from a type fossil specimen; slab and counterslab (PIN 2548/4 and PIN 2584/5), and five referred specimens of possible integumentary appendages (PIN 2584/7 through 9). All specimens are in the collection of the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.
Longisquama means "long scales"; the specific name insignis refers to its small size. The Longisquama holotype is notable for a number of long structures that appear to grow from its skin. The current opinion is that Longisquama is an ambiguous diapsid and has no bearing on the origin of birds.